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INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the anatomical and surgical results of 23-G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), the epidemiological features of the cases, the postoperative complications, and prognostic factors in terms of functional outcome in glob injuries accompanied by an intraocular foreign body (IOFB).
METHODS: : In our retrospective study, 63 eyes of 63 patients who applied with globe injury accompanied by IOFB, underwent 23-G PPV and were followed up for at least 12 months were included. In all cases, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement and routine ophthalmologic examination were performed before and after the procedure. Two-sided cranial radiography, computed tomography examinations and A-B scan ultrasonography were performed along with routine examination, in all cases.
RESULTS: All of the patients were male and the mean age was 34.57 ± 12.82 years. The mean time between trauma and PPV was 12.7 ± 9.3 days (min-max: 2-50), and the mean follow-up time was 16.8 ± 6.5 months (min-max: 12-36). The mean BCVA values in the preoperative and at the last examination were 1.50 ± 1.26 logMAR and 0.63 ± 0.84 logMAR, respectively. When preoperative and postoperative BCVA were compared, a statistically significant increase was observed (p = 0.001). In the regression analysis, having > 1.0 logMAR preoperative BCVA (p = 0.038), presence of preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (p = 0.024) and retinal IOFB (p = 0.005) were found to be significant in terms of causing worse final BCVA.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was observed that the BCVA at the time of admission, the presence of preoperative PVR and the location of the foreign body were of prognostic importance in IOFBs. It was determined that 23-G PPV surgery increased visual functions as well as anatomical success in IOFBs accompanied by posterior segment injuries.

INTRODUCTION: After the discovery of benefits of biologic agents in the management of rheumatologic diseases, with increased use, we are witnessing an increase in side effects also. As the reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is one of the main concerns, screening for infection is an essential step before treatment with biologic agents. Investigation of the diagnostic agreement between tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) in chronic inflammatory arthritis diagnosed persons who were screened for LTBI before treatment with biologic agents is the main objective of this study.
METHODS: Clinical and demographic information, TST and IGRA results of patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis who are candidates for biologic therapy were collected for evaluation. The TST and IGRA methods were compared via Kappa coefficient.
RESULTS: A total of 47 included patients, 32 (68.1%) had a positive TST, and 12 (25.5%) had a positive IGRA. Of the 32 TST positive patients, 23 (48.9%) were IGRA negative. Of the 15 TST negative patients, 3 (6.4%) were IGRA positive. For both tests 9 (19.1%) patients were positive and 12 (25.5%) were negative. The McNemar test between the two methods was significant (p<0.001), and concordance between two tests with kappa was 0.060 (standard error = 0.097), both indicating discordance between the two methods.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that IGRA is a better choice over TST for the screening of LTBI in chronic inflammatory arthritis diagnosed patients before starting the biologic agent treatment, especially in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination recipients in endemic populations.

INTRODUCTION: Anal fistula is a common condition in surgical practice. Despite its benign course, treatment is difficult, especially in complicated fistulas.Anal fistula surgery can cause recurrence or continence disturbances. Ideal treatment should provide low incontinence and recurrence rates. Conventional techniques have a variable success rate; together with the potential risks, the outcome depends on the anatomy of the patient and the fistula and the wishes of the patient. For anal fistulas, various new procedures must be applied in animals to minimize the potential risk to humans.
Steam Ablation (SA) is an application like Laser Ablation (LA), which is mainly used in the treatment of varicose veins in the lower extremities in humans. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SA treatment in an experimentally created anal fistula model in rats.
METHODS: Two fistula tracts were formed in the anus of 16 Wistar Albino rats. After waiting for 30 days, SA was applied to one of the tracts while the other was left untreated as control. The animals were euthanized 60 days after the start of the experiment and the samples were analyzed by the pathologist by removing the perianal regions. Regarding the results, a value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: 18.8% of the study group had a complete recovery, 31.3% had a moderate improvement, 50% did not seem any recover, and none of the control group showed a full recovery, 37.5% had moderate recovery, 62.5% had no recovery, among them There is no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, where we evaluated the effectiveness of SA in the treatment of fistulas created in rats, we compared the treatment group with the control group. Improvement in the SA group was greater than in the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups.

INTRODUCTION: Bipolar disorder (BD) is known to be associated with suicide attempt and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. In this study, we aimed to compare the ADHD symptom levels of patients with bipolar disorder with and without a history of suicide attempt.
METHODS: Patients who were followed up in our hospital with a diagnosis of BD according to DSM-5 criteria were included in the study. Sociodemographic data were obtained. Symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R),global assessment scale (GAS),adult ADHD self-report screening scale for DSM-5 (ASRS-5) were used to determine mental symptoms.Ethics committee approval was obtained from xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx University.
RESULTS: Two groups were formed, those with BD with a history of suicide attempt (case group,OG) and those without (control group,CG). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mean age (p=0.426),gender (p=0.757),onset age of BD (p=0.256) and smoking (pack/year)(p=0.084). Significant differences were found between the groups in terms of ASRS-5, GAS and SCL-90-R (p<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of ASRS-5 was 0.687 (p<0.038; 95% CI (0.526-0.848));The optimal cut-off value for ASRS-5 was 23.50 and its sensitivity and specificity in detecting a history of suicide attempt were 23.8% and 95.2%, respectively. According to the Binary logistic regression analysis, the sensitivity of ASRS-5 related to the history of suicide attempt was 57.1% and the specificity was 71.4% (p=0.033; -2 Log likelihood=52.94;Nagelkerke R2=0.158).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The interest of clinicians in adult ADHD has increased in recent years.However, ADHD symptoms are less questioned than many other psychiatric symptoms in adult psychiatric clinics. According to the findings of our study,the history of suicide attempt in BD is associated with decreased functionality, increased psychiatric comorbidity and high ADHD symptom level.In other words,a significant relationship was found between ADHD symptom level and attempted suicide.Clinicians' questioning of ADHD symptoms in patients with BD may contribute to the prevention of possible suicide attempts.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the Gleason score increase in the radical prostatectomy specimen compared to prostate biopsy material on predicting biochemical recurrence.
METHODS: A total of 201 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2012-2018 were included in the study. Patients were assigned to three groups: upgrade, downgrade, and no change in Gleason scores. These groups were compared in terms of positive surgical margins and biochemical recurrence.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups according to age and pre-biopsy PSA. Biochemical recurrence rate was significantly higher in the upgrade group, while there was no significant difference in positive surgical margins. The main limitation of our study was its short follow-up period.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Numerous studies have been conducted to predict biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy. This study demonstrates that pathological upgrade may be useful as an independent predictor of recurrence.

INTRODUCTION: With longer life expectancy, an increase in the avarage age of cardiac surgery patients is expected. Preoperative risk assessment is especially important for octogenarians. Our aim is to determine the risk factors for extended intensive care unit (ICU) stay after cardiac surgery in octogenarians in our tertiary cardiac surgery center.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all patients above 80 years of age who had cardiac surgery between January, 2016 and December, 2019 in our tertiary cardiac surgery center. Patients who stayed more than 3 days in the ICU made up the extended ICU stay group. Groups were compared for demographic and perioperative factors.
RESULTS: Patients with Euroscore II values > 3,5 (p=0,01) were at risk of extended ICU stay. Extended ICU stay was more common in patients with prolonged entubation ( p<0,001), emergency surgery(p=0,047), diabetes(p=0,005), high leukocyte (p=0,013) or neutrophil (p=0,049) counts, and blood transfusion (p<0,001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Patients with higer Euroscore II score, emergency surgery, diabetes, high leukocyte or neutrophil counts are the preoperative risk factors for extended ICU stay. In the perioperstive period, blood transfusion and prolonged entubation increase the risk of extended ICU stay.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to estimate the prognosis and mortality rates of patients one year after surgical clipping of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
METHODS: This retrospective study included 75 patients treated with surgical clipping in multicenter neurosurgery clinics. Patients who were treated by endovascular coiling were not included in the study. Data related to the clinical status of the patients were obtained from the patient files. The HuntHess, Fisher and GCS scales were evaluated, and relationships between these scales and mortality.
RESULTS: Evaluation was made of 75 patients comprising 41 (54.7%) males and 34 (45.3%) females with a mean age of 49.4±11.5 years. The Glasgow Coma score was determined as median 14 (range, 3-15), the Fisher score as median 2 (range, 1-4) and the HuntHess score as median 2 (range, 1-5). A significant relationship was determined between the Fisher scale and the mortality rate. The GCS and HuntHess scales were not significant prognostic factors for mortality. No significant association was determined between age, gender, aneurysm location and mortality.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate a relationship between the Fisher scale and mortality.

Hip and lumbar spine problems may mimic one another. The differential diagnosis is important in order to give the proper treatment. Although physical examination, imaging and electrodiagnostic methods help to support diagnosis,it is not always easy to make a definite diagnosis between low back and hip pain. Ultrasound (US) -guided diagnostic injections are successfully used in the differential diagnosis of pain in the low back and hip region. Herein we are presenting three cases with low back and hip pain, each differentially diagnosed with US guided diagnostic injections.

Familial Mediterranean Fever is a autosomal recessive hereditary disorder characterized by fever, inflammation of serous structures such as peritonitis, pleuritis and arthritis. Different skin lesions may be seen throughout exacerbations, but the most characteristic is erysipelas-like erythema. These rare plaque-shaped lesions are mostly seen in the lower extremities, dorsal ankle. Arthritis and increased tenderness accompany it. If the lesion is the first sign of FMF, it may be misdiagnosed as erysipelas or cellulite. In this article, we present a 34-year-old male patient with primary erysipelas like erythema.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is an uncommon benign disorder of unknown etiology. It is a localized benign disease of the mesenchyme, which occurs due to the replacement of normal medullary bone by structurally weak fibrous osseous tissue. The disease can involve any bone in the body. Orbital, sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, temporal and maxillary bones are the most commonly involved structures of the craniofacial region. Involvement of the clivus in FD is extremely unusual, and has rarely been reported previously. Clivus involvement may present headache, neck pain, craniocervical instability or hypoglossal nerve palsy. Diagnosis of FD is based in the radiological imaging findings and mainly the high-resolution Computed Tomography (CT) is the tool of choice. In this article, imaging findings of an incidentally determined rare clival FD case with contralateral mild hearing loss and tinnitus symptoms are presented.

Onychophagia is a common and compulsive habit that begins in childhood, which is observed in 20-30% of the general population. It is a stereotypic behavioral disorder related to the body and is likely to be evaluated in the OCD spectrum. It is not an isolated symptom and requires a chronic process with pharmacological treatment and cognitive behavioral therapies in a wide psychosocial perspective by investigating accompanying psychiatric disorders and stereotypical behaviors. In this review, literature information about onychophagia is reviewed.